Ann has 14 years’ experience undertaking carbon appraisals – a key focus of which has been the carbon assessment of waste management systems. This has given her an in-depth knowledge of the application of carbon accounting techniques to all aspects of the circular economy and disposal and recovery techniques. She led the development environmental model used to undertake the impact assessment of the European Commission’s Circular Economy package, and is currently leading the environmental appraisal for the Commission’s impact assessment of updates to the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive. Ann is currently supporting multiple local authorities on the net zero plans for waste. She has also undertaken extensive work for the private sector and NGOs on the potential for waste management to reduce carbon emissions. Recent work for Viridor considered the application of CCS to the UK’s incineration facilities, whilst work for TOMRA considered the contribution excellent waste management systems can make to reducing global emissions.